What are the fundamental theories of Quantam Mechanics, and why do they clash with General Relativity?

I have a good understanding of General and Special Relativity, but not Quantum Mechanics. Please give your answer as simply as possible.|||That's quote from Omar needs a citation. It seems to be used without credit in many places on the web, so finding one isn't easy. The earliest reference I see is at:





http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.co…





... from 2006, and you can read the rest of the article there.





Omar: If you're going to cut-and-paste your answers, don't paste the tail end of a bullet-point into the main text. The final paragraph shouldn't be all about the uncertainty principle.





Meanwhile, the description looks right for QM. The main idea is that QM describes nature on a very small scale--small enough that the wave nature of particles becomes evident--and does so very accurately, provided that the calculations can actually be carried out. General relativity describes large-scale behavior of masses large enough that the difference from Newtonian gravity is noticeable. Again, the results agree very well with observation.





Apparently, though, at small scale and at extreme gravitation conditions found near the event horizon of a black hole, the two theories predict different behavior. (I don't know the details...that's just what I've read.) That's the clash, as far as I know.|||- Quantum theory is the theoretical basis of modern physics that explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level. In 1900, physicist Max Planck presented his quantum theory to the German Physical Society. Planck had sought to discover the reason that radiation from a glowing body changes in color from red, to orange, and, finally, to blue as its temperature rises. He found that by making the assumption that energy existed in individual units in the same way that matter does, rather than just as a constant electromagnetic wave - as had been formerly assumed - and was therefore quantifiable, he could find the answer to his question. The existence of these units became the first assumption of quantum theory.


Planck wrote a mathematical equation involving a figure to represent these individual units of energy, which he called quanta. The equation explained the phenomenon very well; Planck found that at certain discrete temperature levels (exact multiples of a basic minimum value), energy from a glowing body will occupy different areas of the color spectrum. Planck assumed there was a theory yet to emerge from the discovery of quanta, but, in fact, their very existence implied a completely new and fundamental understanding of the laws of nature. Planck won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his theory in 1918, but developments by various scientists over a thirty-year period all contributed to the modern understanding of quantum theory. The Quantum Theory depends so much on the uncertainity principle by heisenberg which states that it is impossible to determine the velocity and location of an electron which means that the Quantum Theory depends so much on randomness , and then Einstein said his famous phrase that " God is not playing with dice " which makes the Quantum Theory the opposite of the relativity .